
Originally Posted by
Paladuck
It's incorrect to say that the US dropped the bomb on a surrendering country. We dropped the bomb on Japan because they refused to unconditionally surrender. It's a subtle difference, but an important one nonetheless.
The argument for the atomic bomb is basically that it saved a lot of Japanese and American lives in the long run. If you look at the fierce resistance the Japanese offered up at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, a full land invasion of the home islands would have resulted in massive casualties on both sides. Additionally, many Japanese cities including Tokyo had been bombed back to the stone age and there was a full naval blockade. Even in these dire circumstances Japan still refused to surrender. From this perspective, it might have been reasonable to conclude that only an atomic bomb would have adequately forced a surrender.
As for arguments against the dropping of the bombs, you could say that part of it was a political move to force Japanese surrender to the Americans before the Russians invaded Japan. Critics also say a "demonstration" of the bomb in Japan without killing anyone would have sufficied, or that the US should have at least dropped the bomb on military targets instead of just killing civilians.
Was it wrong to force an unconditional surrender on Japan by dropping the bomb? Should we have settled for less? I don't know, maybe, but if you look at how prosperous Japan is now and what American occupation did for Japan post-WWII, its hard to argue with the results. Now if we could emulate that great clean-up job in Iraq...